New treatments offer hope for people with alopecia areata
In a recent study featured in the "Alopecia: A New Frontier" supplement of the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, promising advancements have emerged in the treatment of moderate to severe alopecia areata, a challenging form of hair loss. These breakthroughs center around a novel medication category known as JAK inhibitors.
Dr. Sandra Johnson, MD, FAAD, an adjunct professor at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and a board-certified dermatologist, underscores the significance of JAK inhibitors in combating alopecia areata. This condition is inherently inflammatory, and JAK inhibitors play a pivotal role in mitigating the inflammation driving the disease, thereby restoring immune system balance. Dr. Johnson states, "The development of JAK inhibitors has given us another treatment to improve the lives of patients with alopecia areata."
Typically characterized by sudden hair loss, alopecia areata can manifest as expanding bald patches, sometimes coalescing into a single extensive bald spot, or affecting the entire head or body. This condition is more prevalent among children, individuals with close relatives afflicted by it, and those who have undergone nivolumab cancer treatment. Additionally, having certain medical conditions, such as asthma, hay fever, eczema, thyroid disease, vitiligo, or Down syndrome, elevates the risk of developing alopecia areata.
One individual who experienced the transformative impact of these treatments is Courtney Martens. She initially noticed a small bald patch on her scalp and subsequently lost all her hair, including her eyebrows and eyelashes, due to alopecia areata. In 2017, she was diagnosed with this autoimmune condition. However, in 2019, she participated in a clinical trial under Dr. Johnson's care and successfully regrew her hair, regaining her sense of identity.
Diagnosing alopecia areata entails a thorough examination by a dermatologist, including an assessment of the affected area and nails. Blood tests may be necessary to rule out other autoimmune diseases.
In addition to JAK inhibitors, treatment options for alopecia areata encompass contact immunotherapy, which can recalibrate the immune system to cease its attack on hair follicles, methotrexate (a disease-modifying antirheumatic medication), and corticosteroids, known for their anti-inflammatory properties.
Courtney Martens' experience is a testament to the efficacy of JAK inhibitors in certain cases. Despite the emotional toll, she maintained a positive outlook throughout her treatment journey and found success. Dr. Johnson emphasizes that treatment responses can vary, and it is essential for individuals with alopecia areata to consult with board-certified dermatologists who can recommend the most suitable treatment options tailored to their unique needs.